1913 Type 1 Buffalo Nickel: A Bold Start to a Legendary Series

A Powerful Introduction to the Buffalo Nickel Series

The 1913 Type 1 Buffalo Nickel launched one of the most iconic and enduring coin series in American history. Introduced in early 1913, this first iteration of the Buffalo Nickel captured the frontier spirit of the United States through vivid and symbolic artwork. Its limited production window - just part of one year - makes it especially desirable to collectors today. Beyond its rarity, the coin’s artistic merit, transition history, and evolving value ensure its continued place at the heart of U.S. numismatics.

Classic American Design Rooted in Frontier Symbolism

The obverse of the Buffalo Nickel showcases a proud profile of a Native American warrior. Designed by James Earle Fraser, a former student of Augustus Saint-Gaudens, this portrait is a composite of three Native American leaders: Iron Tail (Lakota), Two Moons (Cheyenne), and possibly Big Tree (Kiowa).

The reverse of the 1913 Type 1 features a muscular American bison standing atop a raised mound. This version was modeled after Black Diamond, a bison housed at the Central Park Zoo. The scene evokes resilience and natural majesty, paying homage to the American West and the wildlife that once roamed freely across the plains.

Mintage and the Fast Shift to Type 2

The Type 1 Buffalo Nickel was only minted during the first months of 1913. Its raised ground under the bison, while visually dynamic, caused accelerated wear - especially around the "FIVE CENTS" inscription. Vending machine operators and the U.S. Mint alike expressed concern about the denomination wearing off too easily.

Enter the 1913 Type 2 Buffalo Nickel, which lowered and flattened the ground beneath the bison and repositioned the denomination for better durability. The shift to Type 2 makes the Type 1 version even more desirable due to its relative scarcity and short production window.

Mintages by Location: A Snapshot

The U.S. Mint struck over 30 million Type 1 Buffalo Nickels across three facilities in early 1913:

• Philadelphia (no mint mark): 30,992,000

• Denver (D): 5,337,000

• San Francisco (S): 2,105,000

By comparison, Type 2 versions from later in the same year were minted in similar quantities but are more common in circulated grades due to increased durability. The Type 1 design remains a standout due to its bold relief and lower survival rate in higher grades.

Grading Insights: What Collectors Should Look For

When evaluating a 1913 Type 1 Buffalo Nickel, pay attention to several key features:

• Obverse: Look for well-defined facial features, especially the braid and cheekbone detail of the Native American portrait.

• Reverse: Seek out sharp detail in the bison’s horn, shaggy coat, and tail, as these areas often show wear first.

• Strike quality is crucial for value. Coins with full details and minimal soft spots are highly desirable.

• Luster and surface preservation are vital for higher Mint State grades.

Coins graded MS65 or better by PCGS or NGC often command high premiums, particularly those with a strong strike and attractive toning.

Authentication Tips: Spotting the Genuine Article

Due to its popularity and age, the 1913 Type 1 Buffalo Nickel is a common target for counterfeits. To verify authenticity:

• Confirm the presence of a raised mound beneath the bison - a unique feature of the Type 1 design.

• Inspect the font and spacing of the “FIVE CENTS” and “UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.”

• Look for mint marks “D” or “S” below “FIVE CENTS” (Philadelphia coins will lack a mark).

• Consider professional certification from PCGS, NGC, or ANACS to ensure authenticity and accurate grading.

Market Value and Investment Potential

As of 2025, collector demand for 1913 Type 1 Buffalo Nickels continues to grow, with auction prices and certified populations showing steady gains:

• Philadelphia Type 1s start around $15–$25 in Fine (F12) condition.

• Denver coins command $40–$80 in Fine, and more in XF or AU.

• San Francisco issues, due to their low mintage, start around $100+ in Fine and increase sharply in Mint State.

Coins certified in MS65 or MS66 with attractive toning or full detail can bring $2,000–$4,000 or more, depending on market trends. The combination of history, scarcity, and artistry makes this coin a strong long-term investment for both hobbyists and serious collectors.

Why the 1913 Type 1 Still Captures Collectors' Hearts

More than a century later, the 1913 Type 1 Buffalo Nickel continues to enchant collectors with its bold design and historical depth. It appeals to a wide audience - from novices starting a Buffalo set to investors pursuing key dates in high grade. Its one-year-only design makes it a standout acquisition, while its symbolism continues to resonate in American culture.

Whether acquired as a standalone treasure or as part of a larger nickel collection, the 1913 Type 1 is a defining coin that bridges artistry and heritage.

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The 1913 Type 1 Buffalo Nickel stands as a true milestone in American coinage - a snapshot of a transformative era captured in copper-nickel. Its limited run, bold imagery, and pivotal role in U.S. Mint history make it a perennial favorite among collectors. Whether you're building a full Buffalo Nickel set or simply seeking a coin with artistic and historical depth, the 1913 Type 1 remains a must-have.

Buffalo Nickel Fun Fact:

Did you know the original 1913 Type 1 design sparked concern from the Hobbs Manufacturing Company, which produced coin-operated vending machines? They claimed the high-relief imagery interfered with coin acceptance, prompting the U.S. Mint to adjust the design that same year!

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Buffalo Nickel: Why It Remains an Enduring Numismatic Treasure